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పరికరాల పెట్టెఇతర భాషలు
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వికీపీడియా:మౌలిక పరిశోధనలు నిషిద్ధం
మౌలిక పరిశోధనలు నిషిద్ధం అనేది వికీపీడియా లోని వ్యాస విషయాన్ని నిర్దేశించే మూడు నిర్దేశకాల్లో ఒకటి. మిగతావి తటస్థ దృక్కోణం, నిర్ధారత్వం. వికీపీడియాలో మౌలిక పరిశోధనా వ్యాసాలకు చోటు లేదు. మీరు రాసేది పరిశోధనా వ్యాసం కాదు అని నిర్ధారించే ఏకైక విధానం.. మీరు రాసిన విషయానికి సంబంధించిన విశ్వసనీయ మూలం/వనరు లను ఉదహరించడమే!
[మార్చు] నిర్వచనంగతంలో ఏ విశ్వసనీయ వనరులోనూ ప్రచురించబడని వ్యాసాన్ని వికీపీడియాలో మౌలిక పరిశోధనా వ్యాసం అంటారు. ఇంతకు ముందు ప్రచురితం కాని వాదనలు, చర్చలు, భావనలు, డేటా, ఆలోచనలు, ప్రకటనలు, సిద్ధాంతాలు, ఇప్పటికే ప్రచురితమైన విషయాలపై సాగిన కొత్త విషయాలతో కూడిన పరిశోధనాత్మక విశ్లేషణ ఈ కోవలోకి వస్తాయి.
Wikipedia:No original research (NOR) is one of three content policies. The others are Wikipedia:Neutral point of view (NPOV) and Wikipedia:Verifiability (V). Jointly, these policies determine the type and quality of material that is acceptable in articles. Because they complement each other, they should not be interpreted in isolation from one another, and editors should familiarize themselves with all three. If you have questions about particular examples of OR, or you need help because someone has accused you of posting OR, please see the No original research noticeboard (WP:NORN). [మార్చు] SourcesResearch that consists of collecting and organizing material from existing sources within the provisions of this and other content policies is encouraged: this is "source-based research", and it is fundamental to writing an encyclopedia. Take care, however, not to go beyond what is expressed in the sources or to use them in ways inconsistent with the intent of the source, such as using material out of context. In short, stick to the sources. [మార్చు] Reliable sources
Any material that is challenged or likely to be challenged must be supported by a reliable source. "Original research" is material for which no reliable source can be found. The only way you can show that your edit is not original research is to produce a reliable published source that contains that material. Even with well-sourced material, however, if you use it out of context or to advance a position not directly and explicitly supported by the source you are also engaged in original research; see below. In general the most reliable sources are peer-reviewed journals and books published in university presses; university-level textbooks; magazines, journals, and books published by respected publishing houses; and mainstream newspapers. As a rule of thumb, the more people engaged in checking facts, analyzing legal issues, and scrutinizing the writing, the more reliable the publication. Material that is self-published, whether on paper or online, is generally not regarded as reliable, but see this section of Verifiability for exceptions. [మార్చు] Using sourcesInformation in an article must be verifiable in the references cited. Article statements generally should not rely on unclear or inconsistent passages nor on passing comments. Passages open to interpretation should be precisely cited or avoided. A summary of extensive discussion should reflect the conclusions of the source's author(s). Drawing conclusions not evident in the reference is original research regardless of the type of source. It is important that references be cited in context and on topic. [మార్చు] Primary, secondary, and tertiary sourcesమూస:Policy shortcut For the purposes of Wikipedia policies and guidelines, primary, secondary, and tertiary sources are defined as follows:[1]
Appropriate sourcing can be a complicated issue, and these are general rules. Deciding whether primary or secondary sources are more suitable on any given occasion is a matter of common sense and good editorial judgment, and should be discussed on article talk pages. [మార్చు] Synthesis of published material serving to advance a positionమూస:Policy shortcut Material can often be put together in a way that constitutes original research even if its individual elements have been published by reliable sources. Synthesizing material occurs when an editor tries to demonstrate the validity of his or her own conclusions by citing sources that when put together serve to advance the editor's position. If the sources cited do not explicitly reach the same conclusion, or if the sources cited are not directly related to the subject of the article, then the editor is engaged in original research. Summarizing source material without changing its meaning is not synthesis; it is good editing. Best practice is to write Wikipedia articles by taking claims made by different reliable sources about a subject and putting those claims in our own words on an article page, with each claim attributable to a source that makes that claim explicitly. Editors should not make the mistake of thinking that if A is published by a reliable source, and B is published by a reliable source, then A and B can be joined together in an article to advance position C. This would be synthesis of published material serving to advance a position, which constitutes original research.[6] "A and B, therefore C" is acceptable only if a reliable source has published this argument in relation to the topic of the article. Here is an example from a Wikipedia article, with the names changed. The article was about Jones:
That much is fine. Now comes the unpublished synthesis of published material. The following material was added to that same Wikipedia article just after the above two sentences:
This entire paragraph is original research, because it expresses the editor's opinion that, given the Chicago Manual of Style's definition of plagiarism, Jones did not commit it. To make the paragraph consistent with this policy, a reliable source is needed that specifically comments on the Smith and Jones dispute and makes the same point about the Chicago Manual of Style and plagiarism. In other words, that precise analysis must have been published by a reliable source in relation to the topic before it can be published in Wikipedia by a contributor. [మార్చు] Citing oneselfమూస:Policy shortcut This policy does not prohibit editors with specialist knowledge from adding their knowledge to Wikipedia, but it does prohibit them from drawing on their personal knowledge without citing their sources. If an editor has published the results of his or her research in a reliable publication, the editor may cite that source while writing in the third person and complying with our NPOV policy. See also Wikipedia's guidelines on conflict of interest. [మార్చు] Original imagesమూస:Policy shortcut Pictures have enjoyed a broad exception from this policy, in that Wikipedia editors are encouraged to take photographs or draw pictures or diagrams and upload them, releasing them under the GFDL or another free license, to illustrate articles. This is welcomed because images generally do not propose unpublished ideas or arguments, the core reason behind the NOR policy. Also, because of copyright law in a number of countries, and its relationship to the work of building a free encyclopedia, there are relatively few publicly available images we can take and use. Wikipedia editors' pictures fill a needed role. A disadvantage of allowing original photographs to be uploaded is the possibility of editors using photo manipulation to distort the facts or position being illustrated by the photo. Manipulated images should be prominently noted as such. If the manipulation materially affects the encyclopedic value of the image, they should be posted to Wikipedia:Images for deletion. Images that constitute original research in any other way are not allowed, such as a diagram of a hydrogen atom showing extra particles in the nucleus as theorized by the uploader. [మార్చు] Related policies[మార్చు] Verifiability
The threshold for inclusion in Wikipedia is verifiability, not truth. This policy and the verifiability policy reinforce each other by requiring that only assertions, theories, opinions, and arguments that have already been published in a reliable source may be used in Wikipedia. [మార్చు] Neutral point of view
The prohibition against original research limits the possibility that editors may present their own points of view in articles. By reinforcing the importance of including verifiable research produced by others, this policy promotes the inclusion of multiple points of view. Consequently, this policy reinforces our neutrality policy. In many cases, there are multiple established views of any given topic. In such cases, no single position, no matter how well researched, is authoritative. It is not the responsibility of any one editor to research all points of view. But when incorporating research into an article, it is important that editors provide context for this point of view, by indicating how prevalent the position is, and whether it is held by a majority or minority. The inclusion of a view that is held only by a tiny minority may constitute original research. Jimbo Wales has said of this:
[మార్చు] See also
[మార్చు] Notes
[మార్చు] Further readingమూస:Spoken Wikipedia మూస:Wikiversity
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